This papyrus map dating back to ancient egypt was found in a modern day tomb near the modern city of Lexor. It is reportedly from sometime between 1839- 1057BC.
The isotherm lines on a map are the lies that bring together areas of the same temperature. This is what we typically see on weather brodcasts. The areas of similar temperature are then shaded in with the appropriate colors typically wih greys and blues representing cold temerature and oranges and reds meaning high temperatures. http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/graphics/u-z/weather_isotherm032401.gif
A Lorenz curve is used to rpresent some sort of proportion by the bottom y value. It is very popular in graphinig income distribution. I could only find a small pic that gives an example but it works
A stem and leaf plot allows the information to be charted acording to frequency. This exammple plots how may birds visit are visiting the feeder. www.qacps.k12.md.us/cms/sci/tools/MATHTBX.HTM
Cartographic animation is usually used to demonstrate chronological temoral data. The cartographic animation above represents Africa in different points of time and is demonstrating the years in which African countries gained independence.
Statistical maps can be used to demonstrate just about any kind of data. This map of the Denver areas show changes in the ocurences of larcenies from 2000-2001.